Septic systems for homes and cottages

A soil percolation test is a crucial step that determines the type of soil on your property and, more importantly, the type of septic system you can install there.

The test measures how quickly water flows through your soil. It shows whether your soil can adequately absorb and filter your wastewater. The results determine the type and size of your septic system, as well as the location and depth of your drain field (often called a leach field).

After your soil percolation test, a licensed designer recommends the types of septic systems that are most appropriate for your property. They outline each system's pros, cons, and costs to help you make an informed choice.

Once you select a system, the designer creates a site plan showing where the septic components will go. The plan ensures compliance with local regulations and maintains proper distances from wells, buildings, and property lines.

Before installation can begin, you need a septic permit from your local authority.

The process for applying for a permit varies by between jurisdictions. In states like Iowa, New York, and Pennsylvania, you are responsible for submitting your site plan, soil test results, and system details to your county's health department, environmental services, or building department for approval.

On the other hand, states like New Jersey, Vermont, and Virginia require licensed professionals to handle the application process on your behalf.

In all cases, once your submission is approved, you receive a permit that allows construction to start.

With your permit approved, the next step is finding a licensed septic installer to complete the work.

It’s best to get at least three quotes to compare pricing, experience, and services. Look for installers with a strong reputation, proper certifications, and experience with the type of system you’re installing.

A good installer listens to your concerns, promptly responds to your questions, and has the right equipment and insurance for the job.

Once you’ve hired an installer, it’s time to put your new septic system in the ground.

After excavation, each component is placed and connected according to your site plan. The installer checks for proper sealing, leveling, and drainage to ensure everything functions correctly.

If your system includes a pump or other electrical components, an electrician completes the necessary hookups.

Before your system is covered, a local inspector must verify that the installation meets all regulations and functions as designed. Once your system is approved, backfilling can begin, and your system is ready for use.